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Exclusive: ‘Like ripples on the sea’: Chinese astronomer tells Global Times how the Milky Way got its newly discovered ‘wrinkles’_我的网站
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近日湖人媒体人Jovan Buha和前爵士跟队记者现76人记者Tony Jones录制了《Jovan Buha》播客，在最新更新的一期里，他们谈到湖人和凯斯勒的相关话题。
Chinese astronomers have discovered that the Milky Way is not a simple, smoothly warped disk, but contains widespread "wrinkle-like" structures resembling ripples on a water surface, providing new clues to understanding the galaxy's 3D structure and evolutionary history.
The discovery was made by a research team from the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, using data from the "Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting" (MWISP) survey. The findings were published online titled "Widespread corrugations superimposed on the Galactic warp in the outer CO disk" in the journal Nature Astronomy on August 7.
For decades, astronomers have known that the Milky Way's disk is not perfectly flat. Instead, its outer regions are slightly bent upward on one side and downward on the other - a structure known as a galactic warp.
However, the latest study shows that this large-scale bending is not the whole story. Smaller-scale vertical fluctuations are also embedded within the warped disk, creating a more complicated 3D structure.
"In many illustrations and in the public imagination, the Milky Way looks like a flat vinyl record," Sun Yan, associate researcher at PMO and the first author of the paper, told the Global Times on Tuesday. "In reality, the outer part of the Milky Way is more like a record that has been heated and deformed, with one side lifted and the other side lowered. That is the warp. On top of this large-scale deformation, there are additional smaller waves, which we call corrugations," Sun explained.
Using a more everyday analogy, Sun compared the Milky Way's structure to a sea surface. The warp is like a large swell that changes the overall height of the ocean, while corrugations are smaller waves superimposed on that swell.
"The two structures exist together. In our data analysis, we first removed the large-scale warp model, which allowed us to reveal the smaller wave-like patterns hidden underneath," Sun said.
The research focused on the Milky Way's outer gas disk rather than the more familiar stellar disk. According to Sun, cold molecular gas and stars provide two complementary ways to study the galaxy.
"Molecular gas is a sensitive probe for studying the vertical structure and dynamics of the galactic disk because it is concentrated near the disk plane and responds strongly to disturbances," she said.
Molecular gas is also the raw material for star formation, meaning its distribution is closely connected with the formation of young stars. The researchers traced this gas through carbon monoxide (CO) emission, which can penetrate regions obscured by interstellar dust and provide a different perspective from optical observations of stars.
The breakthrough was made possible by the MWISP survey, conducted using China's 13.7-meter millimeter-wave telescope.
"MWISP can be understood as giving the Milky Way a large-scale medical examination using millimeter-wave observations," Sun said.
Previous CO surveys were limited in sensitivity and coverage, making it difficult to accurately study the distant outer regions of the galaxy. In contrast, the latest study identified more than 30,000 molecular cloud samples, covering about half of the Milky Way's outer disk and extending to a distance of about 26 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center.
With such a large dataset, researchers were able to first establish a model of the overall warp and then separate subtle structures from the background. The newly identified corrugations have radial wavelengths of about 3.9-7.9 kiloparsecs and vertical amplitudes of about 100-200 parsecs.
The study also identified a corrugation structure extending about 40 kiloparsecs in azimuth at a distance of around 12.7 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center. In some spiral arm regions, vertical displacements can reach approximately 200 parsecs.
The researchers believe these large-scale vertical fluctuations are likely related to "bending waves" triggered by external gravitational disturbances, suggesting that the Milky Way might have experienced more complex interactions during its evolutionary history.
Although the newly discovered structures sound dramatic, they do not have any direct impact on Earth or the solar system. "Humans cannot directly sense these corrugations," Sun said. "Their scales reach thousands or even tens of thousands of light-years, and even if these structures are evolving, such changes would not be directly perceptible on human timescales."
The study focuses on the outer disk of the Milky Way and does not include the region around the solar system. "There is currently no evidence that these structures have any observable influence on Earth's environment," Sun said.
Instead, their significance lies in what they reveal about the past. Like geological layers recording Earth's history, these galactic structures preserve traces of the Milky Way's evolutionary journey, the researchers explained.
Researchers said future studies combining more precise motion measurements and numerical simulations could further reveal the origins of these structures and their role in the long-term evolution of the Milky Way.
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Buha：非常感谢你在百忙之中抽出时间，特别是76人这个休赛期非常忙碌。
二 | 我想先聊聊你在爵士的报道经历，从湖人休赛期的头号引援凯斯勒开始。湖人显然在凯斯勒身上投入了巨大代价。
他们通过先签后换得到了他，送出了两个首轮签和两个首轮互换权。他们还与凯斯勒签下了一份4年1.3亿美元的合同，第四年带有球员选项。这是NBA历史上先签后换送出最多选秀资产的交易，也是给非全明星中锋开出的最大合同。当然，工资帽在上涨，合同金额也在增加，这也是原因之一。但在我们开始讨论凯斯勒之前，我的问题是，他真的是湖人所期望的那种球员吗？他值得湖人进行如此大规模的投资和押注吗？
爵士记者：我认为是的。我一直都非常看好凯斯勒。我认为他有机会成为戈贝尔级别的防守者。这基本上意味着他能一个人撑起联盟前十的防守体系。而这正是东契奇和里夫斯非常需要的。他们需要一个能守护禁区、真正封锁内线的球员。在另一端，他是一个真正的顺下终结者。顺下时他能吸引防守注意力，在挡拆中真正帮助到东契奇和里夫斯。
三 | 具有讽刺意味的是，虽然他是拿着最高薪水的非全明星中锋，但我认为在这份合同期间的某个时刻，他会入选全明星阵容。我不认为他是那种年年都能进全明星的球员。但纵观他的职业生涯，他有机会成为三次全明星、五六次入选最佳防守阵容的球员，也许还能拿一次最佳防守球员。现在拿最佳防守球员可能很难了，因为文班亚马也在同一个联盟里。
但他是一个特别的防守者，我不认为爵士之外的人意识到了这一点。因为爵士过去四五年的处境，外界很难量化他的表现。但他确实是一个特别的防守者。他是联盟中为数不多的能用双手完成同等级别盖帽的球员之一。他是一个出色的篮板手，尤其是前场篮板手。人们觉得他运动能力不强，因为他跳得不高，但他下快攻的能力可能和联盟中除了文班亚马之外的任何中锋一样好。
四 | 他跑动真的很出色。而且他体型庞大。他身高2.16米，体重在113到118公斤之间。
五 | 他懂得如何在攻防两端利用自己的身体优势。
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Published on:10:17:49